What critical information regarding the safety valve is required by ASME standards?

The correct choice underscores the comprehensive information required by ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) standards regarding safety valves. ASME mandates that specific details about safety valves be documented to ensure their proper functioning and reliability in high-pressure systems.

The information listed—name, manufacturer number, size, seat, pressure rating (in pounds per square inch gauge), year built, and capacity—serves several crucial roles. Firstly, it aids in tracking and identifying the valve for maintenance and compliance with safety regulations. Manufacturers' information and specifications such as the pressure rating ensure that the valve is suitable for the specific application and that it will open at the correct pressure to prevent overpressure situations. The capacity is vital for understanding how much pressure the valve can safely discharge, which is essential for the design and safety of the boiler system.

The other options, while they may have some relevance to safety and documentation practices, do not encompass the full range of critical information that ASME standards require for the safe operation of boilers. For instance, details like installation date or location can be useful, but they do not provide the technical specifications that are essential for ensuring the valve operates safely and effectively in preventing dangerous pressure scenarios.